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70 Chapter 4
Power-On Self-Test (POST)
Each time you turn on the system, the Power-on Self Test (POST) is initiated. Several items are tested during
POST, but is for the most part transparent to the user.
The Power-On Self Test (POST) is a BIOS procedure that boots the system, initializes and diagnoses the
system components, and controls the operation of the power-on password option. If POST discovers errors in
system operations at power-on, it displays error messages on screen, generates a check point code at port
80h or even halts the system if the error is fatal.
The main components on the main board that must be diagnosed and/or initialized by POST to ensure system
functionality are as follows:
T Microprocessor with built-in numeric co-processor and cache memory subsystem
T Direct Memory Access (DMA) controller
T Interrupt system
T Three programmable timers
T ROM subsystem
T RAM subsystem
T CMOS RAM subsystem and real time clock/calendar with battery backup
T Onboard parallel interface controller
T Embedded hard disk interface and one diskette drive interface
T Keyboard and auxiliary device controllers
T 1.44M floppy controller
T I/O ports
T One parallel port
T One PS/2-compatible mouse port
T One PS/2-compatible keyboard port
NOTE: When Post executes a task, it uses a series of preset numbers called check points to be latched at port
80h, indicating the stages it is currently running. This latch can be read and shown on a debug board.
The following table describes the BIOS common tasks carried out by POST. Each task is denoted by an
unique check point number. For other unique check point numbers that are not listed in the table, refer
to the corresponding product service guide. Post Checkpoints List: The list may vary accordingly
depending on your BIOS.
Checkpoint Description
CFh Test CMOS R/W functionality
C0h Early chipset initialization:
T Disable shadow RAM
T Disable L2 cache (socket 7 or below)
T Program basic chipset registers
C1h Detect memory
T Auto-detection of DRAM size, type and ECC.
T Auto-detection of L2 cache (socket 7 or below)
C3h Expand compressed BIOS code to DRAM
C5h Call chipset hook to copy BIOS back to E000 & F000 shadow RAM.
01h Expand the Xgroup codes locating in physical address 1000:0