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NUT is built on a networked model with a layered scheme of drivers, server and clients:
The driver programs talk directly to the UPS equipment and run on the same host as the NUT
network server (upsd). Drivers are provided for a wide assortment of equipment from most of
the popular UPS vendors and understand the specific language of each UPS. They communicate
with serial, USB, and SNMP network connected UPS hardware and map the communications
back to a compatibility layer. This means both an expensive “smart” protocol UPS and a simple
“power strip” model can be handled transparently.
The NUT network server program upsd is responsible for passing status data from the drivers to
the client programs via the network. upsd can cache the status from multiple UPSes and then
serve this status data to many clients. upsd also contains access control features to limit the
abilities of the clients (only authorized hosts may monitor or control the UPS hardware).
There are a number of NUT clients that connect to upsd to check on the status of the UPS
hardware and do things based on the status. These clients can run on the same host as the NUT
server or they can communicate with the NUT server over the network (enabling them to
monitor any UPS anywhere):
The upsc client provides a quick way to poll the status of a UPS server. Use it inside shell
scripts and other programs that need UPS data but don't want to include the full
interface.
The upsmon client enables servers that draw power through the UPS to shutdown
gracefully when the battery power reaches critical.
There are also logging clients (upslog) and third party interface clients (Big Sister, Cacti,
Nagios, Windows, and more. Refer www.networkupstools.org/client-projects.)
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