401-405 SERIES
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3.3.1. Digitally Reported Flow Output
The flow rate can be read digitally by sending an ascii “F” command (preceded by the address for RS-
485). The instrument will respond with an ascii representation of the numerical value of the flow rate in
the units of flow specified on the nameplate label.
Example: A meter with RS-232 communications, calibrated for 500 slm FS N
2
Computer transmits: {F}
HFM flow meter replies: {137.5}
This is interpreted as 137.5 slm of nitrogen equivalent flow.
In most situations, the flow meter can measure beyond its range (i.e. a flow that exceeds the full scale or
a reverse flow) and report the value via the digital output. While the meter can perform beyond its
stated range, the accuracy of these values has not been verified during the calibration process. Flows
that exceed 160% of the nominal shunt range (S46 response) should not be relied upon. See the
software manual for further information.
3.3.2. Digitally Reported Analog Input
The flow meter can read the analog value present on pins 5 & 6 of the terminal strip (See Section 2.9).
This function is typically used to read the analog output from a nearby sensor such as a pressure sensor
or vacuum gauge. This value is spanned for the same range as the analog output signal; it reads volts for
flow meter configured for 0-5, 0-10 or 1-5 volt output and milliamps for a flow meter configured for 0-
20 or 4-20 milliamp output. The value is accessed via the “S26” software query as shown below.
Example: A meter calibrated for 0-5 volt output and RS-232 communications.
Computer transmits: {S26}
HFM flow meter replies: {2.532}
This is interpreted as 2.532 volts.
3.4. Zeroing the Instrument
A proper zeroing of the flow meter is recommended after initial installation and warm-up. It is also
advisable to check the zero flow indication periodically during operation. Any uncertainty at zero flow is
an offset value which affects all subsequent flow readings. The frequency of these routine checks
depends on factors such as: the environmental conditions, the desired level of accuracy, and the desire
to measure low flow rates (relative to the meter full scale). To achieve the most precise flow readings,
the zeroing procedure is done while the meter is at the expected operating conditions including
temperature, line pressure, and gas type. This is especially true for cases where the flow meter is
operating at high pressure or with very dense gas.
3.4.1. Preparing for a Zero Check
Before checking or adjusting the meter’s zero, the following three requirements must be satisfied:
Warm-up – The instrument must be powered and in the operating environment for at least 30
minutes. Even though the meter will operate within a few minutes after power is applied, the entire
warm-up period is needed to establish a suitable zero reading.
No Flow – There must be an independent method to ensure that all flow through the instrument has
completely ceased before checking or adjusting the zero. Typically this is achieved by closing valve
downstream from the flow meter and waiting a sufficient time for any transient flow to decay. This is
especially critical for low flow units that have long piping lengths before or after the flow meter. In such
situations, it can require a significant settling time for the flow cease and enable a precise zero.
Stability – The flow meter must stabilize for at least 3 minutes at zero flow, especially following a high
flow or overflow condition. This will allow all parts of the sensor to come to thermal equilibrium
resulting in the best possible zero value.
