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Appendix C: Glossary
BIOS (Basic Input/Output System). BIOS is a set of routines that control
how the computer transfers data between computer components, such as
memory, disks, and the display adapter. The BIOS instructions are built
into the computer’s read-only memory. BIOS parameters are configurable
through the BIOS Setup program. You can update the BIOS using the
AFLASH utility by copying a new BIOS file into the EEPROM.
Bit (Binary Digit). Represents the smallest unit of data used by the
computer. A bit can have one of two values: 0 or 1.
Boot. Boot means to start the computer operating system by loading it into
system memory. When the manual instructs you to “boot” your system (or
computer), it means to turn ON your computer. “Reboot” means to restart
your computer. When using Windows 95 or later, selecting “Restart” from
“Start | Shut Down...” will reboot your computer.
Bus Master IDE. PIO (Programmable I/O) IDE requires that the CPU be
involved in IDE access and waiting for mechanical events. Bus master IDE
transfers data to/from the memory without interrupting the CPU. Bus
master IDE driver and bus master IDE hard disk drives are required to
support bus master IDE mode.
Byte (Binary Term). One byte is a group of eight contiguous bits. A byte is
used to represent a single alphanumeric character, punctuation mark, or
other symbol.
Cache Memory. A type of RAM that allows a faster from the CPU than a
regular RAM. The cache memory eliminates the CPU wait state. When the
CPU reads data from the main memory, a copy of this data is stored in the
cache memory. The next time the same address, the data is transferred
from the cache memory instead of from the main memory.
CODEC (Compressor/Decompressor). A software component that
translates video or audio between its uncompressed form and the
compressed form in which it is stored.
COM Port. A connector with the accompanying circuitry that supports
serial devices such as printers, mice, modems, and infrared modules.
Each COM port is configured to use a different IRQ and address
assignment. COM port is short for communication port, and is also called
a serial port.
CPU (Central Processing Unit). The CPU, also called “Processor,”
actually functions as the “brain” of the computer. It interprets and executes
program commands and processes data stored in the system memory.