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CONTENTS
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A AB BO OU UT T T TH HI IS S D DO OC CU UM ME EN NT T x xv vi ii i
PREREQUISITE SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE xvii
DOCUMENT ORGANIZATION xvii
HOW TO MAKE COMMENTS ABOUT THIS DOCUMENT xix
1 1. . I IN NT TR RO OD DU UC CT TI IO ON N T TO O C CO ON NN NE EC CT TI IV VI IT TY Y 1 1- -1 1
TRANSMISSION TYPES 1-3
ANALOG TRANSMISSION 1-3
DIGITAL TRANSMISSION 1-3
ANALOG VS. DIGITAL 1-5
TRANSMISSION STATES 1-7
VOICE TRANSMISSION 1-7
Entering the Switch 1-7
Exiting the Switch 1-9
DATA TRANSMISSION 1-11
Protocol Layers 1-11
Protocols Used 1-13
Protocol States 1-14
Connectivity Rules 1-15
MULTIPLEXED COMMUNICATION 1-17
TYPES OF MULTIPLEXING 1-17
Frequency-Division Multiplexing 1-17
Time-Division Multiplexing 1-17
Statistical Multiplexing 1-18
MULTIPLEXING OVER DS1 FACILITIES 1-18
Line Coding 1-19
Signal Inversion 1-21
Framing 1-24
Signaling 1-25
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