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4. SWITCH OPERATION
Address Table
The Giga Switch is implemented with an address table. This address table composed of many entries. Each
entry is used to store the address information of some node in network, including MAC address, port no, etc.
This information comes from the learning process of Ethernet Switch.
Learning
When one packet comes in from any port, the Giga Switch will record the source address, port no. and the
other related information in address table. This information will be used to decide either forwarding or filtering
for future packets.
Forwarding & Filtering
When one packet comes from some port of the Ethernet Switching, it will also check the destination address
besides the source address learning. The Ethernet Switching will lookup the address-table for the destination
address. If not found, this packet will be forwarded to all the other ports except the port which this packet
comes in. And these ports will transmit this packet to the network it connected. If found, and the destination
address is located at different port from this packet comes in, the Ethernet Switching will forward this packet to
the port where this destination address is located according to the information from address table. But, if the
destination address is located at the same port with this packet comes in, then this packet will be filtered.
Thereby increasing the network throughput and availability
Store-and-Forward
Store-and-Forward is one type of packet-forwarding techniques. A Store-and Forward Ethernet Switching
stores the incoming frame in an internal buffer, do the complete error checking before transmission. Therefore,
no error packets occurrence, it is the best choice when a network needs efficiency and stability.
The Ethernet Switch scans the destination address from the packet-header, searches the routing table
provided for the incoming port and forwards the packet, only if required. The fast forwarding makes the switch
attractive for connecting servers directly to the network, thereby increasing throughput and availability.
However, the switch is most commonly used to segment existing hubs, which nearly always improves overall
performance. A Ethernet Switching can be easily configured in any Ethernet network environment to
significantly boost bandwidth using conventional cabling and adapters.
Due to the learning function of the Ethernet switching, the source address and corresponding port number of
each incoming and outgoing packet are stored in a routing table. This information is subsequently used to filter
packets whose destination address is on the same segment as the source address. This confines network
traffic to its respective domain and reduces the overall load on the network.
The Giga Switch performs "Store and forward" therefore, no error packets occur. More reliably, it reduces the
re-transmission rate. No packet loss will occur.
Auto-Negotiation
The STP ports on the GSD-1020 switch have built-in "Auto-negotiation". This technology automatically sets
the best possible bandwidth when a connection is established with another network device (usually at Power
On or Reset). This is done by detecting the modes and speeds at the second of both device is connected and
capable of, Both 10Base-T and 100Base-TX devices can connect with the port in either Half- or Full-duplex
mode. 1000Base-T can only connected in Full-duplex mode.