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Enumerations
An enumeration data type is used for representing an abstract, discreet set of val-
ues with appropriate symbolic names.
Enumeration Declaration
Enumeration is declared like this:
enum
tag
{
enumeration-list
};
Here,
tag
is an optional name of the enumeration;
enumeration-list
is a list
of discreet values, enumerators. The enumerators listed inside the braces are also
known as enumeration constants. Each is assigned a fixed integral value. In the
absence of explicit initializers, the first enumerator is set to zero, and each suc-
ceeding enumerator is set to one more than its predecessor.
Variables of
enum type are declared same as variables of any other type. For
example, the following declaration
enum colors {black, red, green, blue, violet, white} c;
establishes a unique integral type, colors, a variable c of this type, and a set of
enumerators with constant integer values (black = 0, red = 1, ...). In C, a
variable of an enumerated type can be assigned any value of type int – no type
checking beyond that is enforced. That is:
c = red;
// OK
c = 1;
// Also OK, means the same
With explicit integral initializers, you can set one or more enumerators to specific
values. The initializer can be any expression yielding a positive or negative integer
value (after possible integer promotions). Any subsequent names without initializ-
ers will then increase by one. These values are usually unique, but duplicates are
legal.
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