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Bitwise Operators
Use the bitwise operators to modify the individual bits of numerical operands.
Bitwise operators associate from left to right. The only exception is the bitwise
complement operator
~ which associates from right to left.
Bitwise Operators Overview
Note: Operator
& can also be the pointer reference operator. Refer to Pointers for
more information.
Bitwise operators
&, |, and ^ perform logical operations on appropriate pairs of
bits of their operands. For example:
0x1234 & 0x5678;
/* equals 0x1230 */
/* because ..
0x1234 : 0001 0010 0011 0100
0x5678 : 0101 0110 0111 1000
---------------------------------
& : 0001 0010 0011 0000
.. that is, 0x1230 */
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Operator Operation Precedence
&
bitwise AND; returns 1 if both bits are 1, oth-
erwise returns 0
9
|
bitwise (inclusive) OR; returns 1 if either or
both bits are 1, otherwise returns 0
9
^
bitwise exclusive OR (XOR); returns 1 if the
bits are complementary, otherwise 0
10
~
bitwise complement (unary); inverts each bit 10
>>
bitwise shift left; moves the bits to the left,
see below
10
<<
bitwise shift right; moves the bits to the right,
see below
10