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11-6 User’s Reference Guide
If the package does not match the first inspector’s criteria, it goes to the second inspector, and so on. You can
see that the order of the inspectors in the line is very important.
For example, let’s say the first inspector’s orders are to send along all packages that come from Rome, and the
second inspector’s orders are to reject all packages that come from France. If a package arrives from Rome,
the first inspector sends it along without allowing the second inspector to see it. A package from Paris is
ignored by the first inspector, rejected by the second inspector, and never seen by the others. A package from
London is ignored by the first two inspectors, so it’s seen by the third inspector.
In the same way, filter sets apply their filters in a particular order. The first filter applied can forward or discard
a packet before that packet ever reaches any of the other filters. If the first filter can neither forward nor discard
the packet (because it cannot match any criteria), the second filter has a chance to forward or reject it, and so
on. Because of this hierarchical structure, each filter is said to have a priority. The first filter has the highest
priority, and the last filter has the lowest priority.
How individual filters work
As described above, a filter applies criteria to an IP packet and then takes one of three actions:
■ Forwards the packet to the local or remote network
■ Blocks (discards) the packet
■ Ignores the packet
A filter forwards or blocks a packet only if it finds a match after applying its criteria. When no match occurs, the
filter ignores the packet.
A filtering rule
The criteria are based on information contained in the packets. A filter is simply a rule that prescribes certain
actions based on certain conditions. For example, the following rule qualifies as a filter:
Block all Telnet attempts that originate from the remote host 199.211.211.17.
This rule applies to Telnet packets that come from a host with the IP address 199.211.211.17. If a match
occurs, the packet is blocked.
Here is what this rule looks like when implemented as a filter on the Netopia 4541/4542:
To understand this particular filter, look at the parts of a filter.
+-#--Source IP Addr--Dest IP Addr-----Proto-Src.Port-D.Port--On?-Fwd-+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1 199.211.211.17 0.0.0.0 TCP 23 Yes No |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+