. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
&
7TERRMRK8VII'SRGITXW
;VMXIV
*VER7TVEKIRW
4VSNIGX
7TERRMRK8VII'SRGITXW
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*MPI2EQI
CFHSG
0EWX7EZIH3R
%1
8EFPI&
7TERRMRK8VII4VSXSGSP(IJEYPXW
4EVEQIXIV (IWGVMTXMSR (IJEYPX:EPYI
&VMHKI
+VSYT
%HHVIWW
9RMUYI1%'KVSYTEHHVIWWVIGSKRM^IHF]EPPFVMHKI WMRXLIRIX[SVO
&VMHKI
-HIRXMJMIV
-HIRXMJMIVJSVIEGLFVMHKI8LMWTEVEQIXIVGSRWMWXWSJX[STEVXWEFMX
FVMHKITVMSVMX]ERHEFMXRIX[SVOEHETXIVEHHVIWW4SVXWEVIRYQFIVIHMR
EFWSPYXIRYQFIVWWXEVXMRKJVSQVIKEVHPIWWSJXLIMVFVMHKIEXXEGLQIRX8LI
RIX[SVOEHETXIVEHHVIWWMWXLIWEQIEHHVIWWEWXLIJMVWXTSVXSJXLIFVMHKI
FVMHKITVMSVMX]
4SVX
-HIRXMJMIV
-HIRXMJMIWIEGLTSVXSJIEGLFVMHKI[MXLERMRGVIQIRXEPHIJEYPXZEPYIKMZIR
JSVIEGLTSVX7;W[MXGLWLS[R
4SVX 4SVX 4SVX 4SVX
4SVX 4SVX 4SVX 4SVX
4SVX 4SVX 4SVX
4SVX 4SVX 4SVX
4SVX 4SVX 4SVX
4SVX 4SVX 4SVX
4SVX 4SVX 4SVX
4SVX 4SVX 4SVX
4SVX4VMSVMX] -RHMGEXIWXLITVMSVMX]SJEWTIGMJMGTSVXMRVIPEXMSRXSSXLIVTSVXW
'SWX
'SQTSRIRXSJ
)EGL4SVX
8LI7TERRMRK8VII4VSXSGSPGEPGYPEXIWERHIRWYVIWXLEXEREGXMZIXSTSPSK]
KIRIVEXIWQMRMQEPGSWXTEXLW%ZEPYISJMWKIRIVEPP]YWIHJSV1FW
)XLIVRIXRIX[SVOWERHEZEPYISJMWKIRIVEPP]YWIHJSV1FW )XLIVRIX
RIX[SVOW%ZEPYISJ-MWYWIHJSV)XLIVRIXRIX[SVOW
For detailed information on the operation of the Spanning Tree Protocol, consult
Section 4 of IEEE Standard 802.1D, ISO/IEC 10038:1993.