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long-term exposures, since the average period of device use in these studies was around
three years.
5. What research is needed to decide whether RF exposure from tablets poses a
health risk?
A combination of laboratory studies and epidemiological studies of people actually using
tablets would provide some of the data that are needed. Lifetime animal exposure studies
could be completed in a few years. However, very large numbers of animals would be
needed to provide reliable proof of a cancer promoting effect if one exists. Epidemiological
studies can provide data that is directly applicable to human populations, but ten or more
years follow-up may be needed to provide answers about some health effects, such as
cancer. This is because the interval between the time of exposure to a cancer-causing agent
and the time tumors develop — if they do — may be many, many years. The interpretation
of epidemiological studies is hampered by difficulties in measuring actual RF exposure
during day-to-day use of tablets. Many factors affect this measurement, such as the angle at
which the tablet is held, or which model of tablet is used.
6. What is the FDA doing to find out more about the possible health effects of tablet
RF?
The FDA is working with the U.S. National Toxicology Program and with groups of
investigators around the world to ensure that high priority animal studies are conducted to
address important questions about the effects of exposure to Radio Frequency (RF) energy.
The FDA has been a leading participant in the World Health Organization International
Electro Magnetic Fields (EMF) Project since its inception in 1996. An influential result of
this work has been the development of a detailed agenda of research needs that has driven
the establishment of new research programs around the world. The project has also helped
develop a series of public information documents on EMF issues.