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Appendix D. Glossary
D-2 MX2800 STS-1 User Manual 61200659L1-1
BERT
Bit error rate test. A test that uses any of a number of stress patterns to test T3,
T1, FT1, and DDS circuits.
bipolar
A signal containing both positive and negative amplitude components.
bipolar violation
See BPV.
bit
A binary digit representing a signal, wave, or state as either a one or a zero. A bit
is the smallest unit of information a computer can process.
bit error
The receipt of an encoded bit that differs from what was sent by the transmitter.
bit rate
The speed at which bits are transmitted, usually expressed in bits per second
(bps).
bps
Bits per second. The number of bits passing a specific point per second. Exam-
ples of common rates are kbps (one thousand bits per second) and Mbps (one
million bits per second). T3 operates at 44.736 Mbps.
BPV
Bipolar violation. A violation in the alternate mark inversion (AMI) line code for
which consecutive 1s are represented by pulses of opposite polarity. BPVs that
are not intentional (B8ZS) are counted as errors. Could also be the presence of
two consecutive 1 bits of the same polarity on the T-carrier line.
bridge
A data communications device that connects two or more networks and forwards
packets between them.