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Appendix A - Linux
Installation Manual
Other commands allow the user to change directories and see the contents of a directory.
pwd Supplies the name of the current directory. While logged in, the user is always
"in" a directory. The default initial directory is the user's home directory,
/home/<username>
ls [options]
directory_name
Lists the files and directories within
directory_name
. Some useful options are -l
for more detailed output and -a which shows hidden system files.
cd
directory_name
Changes the directory to the one specified
cat
file_name
Prints the contents of
file_name
to the screen.
Shortcuts:
. (a dot) represents the current directory
.. (two dots) represents one directory above the current directory (i.e. one directory closer to the base
directory).
The vi Editor
To edit a file using the vi editor, type
vi file_name
vi is a three-state line editor: it has a command mode, a line mode and an editing mode. If in doubt as to which
mode you are in, press the <ESC> key which will bring you to the command mode.
Mode What is done there How to Get There
command mode navigation within the open file Press the <ESC> key.
editing mode text editing See list of editing commands below.
line mode file saving, opening, etc. exiting
from vi
From the command mode, type ":" (the
colon).
Entering the program, the user is automatically in the command mode. To navigate to the part of the file to be