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INTRODUCTION
This chapter describes the features of the Web-Smart 48+2G-Port 10/100/1000Mbps/SFP Switch and some background information
about Ethernet/Fast Ethernet/Gigabit Ethernet switching technology.
Gigabit Ethernet Technology
Gigabit Ethernet is an extension of IEEE 802.3 Ethernet utilizing the same packet structure, format, and support for CSMA/CD protocol,
full-duplex, flow control, and management objects, but with a tenfold increase in theoretical throughput over 100-Mbps Fast Ethernet
and a hundredfold increase over 10-Mbps Ethernet. Since it is compatible with all 10-Mbps and 100-Mbps Ethernet environments,
Gigabit Ethernet provides a straightforward upgrade without wasting a company’s existing investment in hardware, software, and
trained personnel.
The increased speed and extra bandwidth offered by Gigabit Ethernet are essential to coping with the network bottlenecks that
frequently develop as computers and their busses get faster and more users use applications that generate more traffic. Upgrading key
components, such as your backbone and servers to Gigabit Ethernet can greatly improve network response times as well as significantly
speed up the traffic between your subnets.
Gigabit Ethernet enables fast optical fiber connections to support video conferencing, complex imaging, and similar data-intensive
applications. Likewise, since data transfers occur 10 times faster than Fast Ethernet, servers outfitted with Gigabit Ethernet NIC’s are
able to perform 10 times the number of operations in the same amount of time.
In addition, the phenomenal bandwidth delivered by Gigabit Ethernet is the most cost-effective method to take advantage of today and
tomorrow’s rapidly improving switching and routing internetworking technologies. With expected advances in the coming years in
silicon technology and digital signal processing that will enable Gigabit Ethernet to eventually operate over unshielded twisted-pair
(UTP) cabling, outfitting your network with a powerful 1000-Mbps-capable backbone/server connection creates a flexible foundation
for the next generation of network technology products.
Fast Ethernet Technology
The growing importance of LANs and the increasing complexity of desktop computing applications are fueling the need for high
performance networks. A number of high-speed LAN technologies have been proposed to provide greater bandwidth and improve
client/server response times. Among them, 100BASE-T (Fast Ethernet) provides a non-disruptive, smooth evolution from the current
10BASE-T technology. The non-disruptive and smooth evolution nature, and the dominating potential market base, virtually guarantees
cost-effective and high performance Fast Ethernet solutions.
100Mbps Fast Ethernet is a standard specified by the IEEE 802.3 LAN committee. It is an extension of the 10Mbps Ethernet standard
with the ability to transmit and receive data at 100Mbps, while maintaining the CSMA/CD Ethernet protocol. Since the 100Mbps Fast
Ethernet is compatible with all other 10Mbps Ethernet environments, it provides a straightforward upgrade and takes advantage of the
existing investment in hardware, software, and personnel training.
Switching Technology
Another approach to pushing beyond the limits of Ethernet technology is the development of switching technology. A switch bridges
Ethernet packets at the MAC address level of the Ethernet protocol transmitting among connected Ethernet or Fast Ethernet LAN
segments.
Switching is a cost-effective way of increasing the total network capacity available to users on a local area network. A switch increases
capacity and decreases network loading by dividing a local area network into different segments, which do not compete with each other
for network transmission capacity.
The switch acts as a high-speed selective bridge between the individual segments. The switch, without interfering with any other
segments, automatically forwards traffic that needs to go from one segment to another. By doing this the total network capacity is
multiplied, while still maintaining the same network cabling and adapter cards.
Switching LAN technology is a marked improvement over the previous generation of network bridges, which were characterized by
higher latencies. Routers have also been used to segment local area networks, but the cost of a router, the setup and maintenance required
make routers relatively impractical. Today switches are an ideal solution to most kinds of local area network congestion problems.