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Aolynk DR811/DR814 ADSL2+Broadband Router 6 IP Addresses, Network Masks, and Subnets
59
& Note:
A mask looks like a regular IP address, but contains a pattern of bits that tells what
parts of an IP address are the network ID and what parts are the host ID: a bit set to 1
means "this bit is part of the network ID" and a bit set to 0 means "this bit is part of the
host ID."
Subnet masks are used to define subnets (what you get after dividing a network into
smaller pieces). A subnet's network ID is created by "borrowing" one or more bits from
the host ID portion of the address. The subnet mask identifies these host ID bits.
For example, consider a class C network 192.168.1. To split this into two subnets, you
would use the subnet mask:
255.255.255.128
It's easier to see what's happening if we write this in binary:
11111111.11111111.11111111.10000000
As with any class C address, all of the bits in field1 through field 3 are part of the
network ID, but note how the mask specifies that the first bit in field 4 is also included.
Since this extra bit has only two values (0 and 1), this means there are two subnets.
Each subnet uses the remaining 7 bits in field4 for its host IDs, which range from 1 to
126 hosts (instead of the usual 0 to 255 for a class C address).
Similarly, to split a class C network into four subnets, the mask is:
255.255.255.192 or 11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000
The two extra bits in field4 can have four values (00, 01, 10, and 11), so there are four
subnets. Each subnet uses the remaining six bits in field4 for its host IDs, ranging from
1 to 62.
& Note:
Sometimes a subnet mask does not specify any additional network ID bits, and thus no
subnets. Such a mask is called a default subnet mask. These masks are:
l Class A: 255.0.0.0
l Class B: 255.255.0.0
l Class C: 255.255.255.0
These are called default because they are used when a network is initially configured,
at which time it has no subnets.