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IP
IP (Internet Protocol) is the protocol in the TCP/IP communications protocol suite that contains a network
address and allows messages to be routed to a different network or subnet. However, IP does not ensure
delivery of a complete message—TCP provides the function of ensuring delivery.
IP ADDRESS
The IP (Internet Protocol) address refers to the address of a computer attached to a TCP/IP network.
Every client and server station must have a unique IP address. Clients are assigned either a permanent
address or have one dynamically assigned to them via DHCP. IP addresses are written as four sets of
numbers separated by periods (for example, 211.23.181.189).
ISP
An ISP is an organization providing Internet access service via modems, ISDN (Integrated Services
Digital Network), and private lines.
LAN
LANs (Local Area Networks) are networks that serve users within specific geographical areas, such as in
a company building. LANs are comprised of servers, workstations, a network operating system, and
communications links such as the router.
MAC ADDRESS
A MAC address is a unique serial number burned into hardware adapters, giving the adapter a unique
identification.
METRIC
A number that indicates how long a packet takes to get to its destination.
MTU
MTU (Maximum Transmission/Transfer Unit) is the largest packet size that can be sent over a network.
Messages larger than the MTU are divided into smaller packets.
NAT
NAT (Network Address Translation - also known as IP masquerading) enables an organization to present
itself to the Internet with one address. NAT converts the address of each LAN node into one IP address
for the Internet (and vice versa). NAT also provides a certain amount of security by acting as a firewall by
keeping individual IP addresses hidden from the WAN.
(NETWORK) ADMINISTRATOR
The network administrator is the person who manages the LAN within an organization. The
administrator's job includes ensuring network security, keeping software, hardware, and firmware
up-to-date, and keeping track of network activity.
NTP
NTP (Network Time Protocol) is used to synchronize the realtime clock in a computer. Internet primary
and secondary servers synchronize to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).
PACKET
A packet is a portion of data that is transmitted in network communications. Packets are also sometimes
called frames and datagrams. Packets contain not only data, but also the destination IP address.