Table 2. PAL Broadcasting Systems
Color System Sound System Stereo System Channel System Countries
PAL
B/G
A2
CCIR
Germany, Austria,
Swiss, Netherlands
AUSTRALIA Australia
NICAM CCIR
Sweden, Spain,
Denmark, Norway,
Finland, Belgium,
Iceland, Portugal,
Malaysia, Singapore,
Thailand
Unknown CCIR
India, Israel, Kuwait,
Jordan, Yugoslavia
I NICAM CCIR UK, Hongkong
Horizontal Frequency
The time to scan one line connecting the right edge to the left edge of the screen
horizontally is called Horizontal Cycle and the inverse number of the Horizontal Cycle
is called Horizontal Frequency. Unit: kHz
Vertical Frequency
Like a fluorescent lamp, the screen has to repeat the same image many times per
second to display an image to the user. The frequency of this repetition is called
Vertical Frequency or Refresh Rate. Unit: Hz