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Monitoring system processes
Issue 6 August 2005 25
File systems
The df command reports the systems’ disk space usage. If you type the command df at a shell
prompt, the output looks similar to the following:
By default, this utility shows the partition size in 1 kilobyte blocks and the amount of used and
available disk space in kilobytes. To view the information in megabytes and gigabytes, use the
command df -h.
The -h argument stands for human-readable format. The output looks similar to the following:
Virtual memory
In the list of partitions, there is an entry for /dev/shm. This entry represents the systems’ virtual
memory file system.
Space used by files in a directory
The du command displays the estimated amount of space being used by files in a directory. If
you type du at a shell prompt, the disk usage for each of the subdirectories will be displayed in a
list. The total for the current directory and subdirectories will also be shown as the last line in the
list. If you do not want to see the totals for all the subdirectories, use the command du -hs to see
only the total for the directory in human-readable format. Use the du --help command to see
more options.
42.4. Hardware
You can also use the lspci command to list all PCI devices. Use the command
● lspci -v for detailed information or
● lspci -vv for detailed information plus additional output.
Filesystem 1k-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/hda2 10325716 2902060 6899140 30% /
/dev/hda1 15554 8656 6095 59% /boot
/dev/hda3 20722644 2664256 17005732 14% /home
none 256796 0 256796 0% /dev/shm
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/hda2 9.8G 2.8G 6.5G 30% /
/dev/hda1 15M 8.5M 5.9M 59% /boot
/dev/hda3 20G 2.6G 16G 14% /home
none 251M 0 250M 0% /dev/shm