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GlossaryB
CDR
Call Detail Record. This is a name used by telephone companies for call-related
information.
CHAP
Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol is an alternative protocol that avoids
sending passwords over the wire by using a challenge/response technique.
Cipher Text Text that has been scrambled or encrypted so that it cannot be read without
deciphering it. See Encryption
Client
A software program that is used to contact and obtain data from a Server software
program on another computer. Each Client program is designed to work with one or
more specific kinds of Server programs, and each Server requires a specific kind of
Client. A Web Browser is a specific kind of Client.
CO (Central Office): a facility that serves local telephone subscribers. In the CO,
subscribers' lines are joined to switching equipment that allows them to connect to
each other for both local and long distance calls.
Cookie A string of characters saved by a web browser on the user's hard disk. Many web
pages send cookies to track specific user information. Cookies can be used to retain
information as the user browses a web site. For example, cookies are used to
'remember' the items a shopper may have in a shopping cart.
Crossover
Ethernet Cable
A cable that wires a pin to its opposite pin, for example, RX+ is wired to TX+. This
cable connects two similar devices, for example, two data terminal equipment (DTE)
or data communications equipment (DCE) devices.
CSU/DSU
Channel Service Unit/Data Service Unit. CSUs (channel service units) and DSUs
(data service units) are actually two separate devices, but they are used in
conjunction and often combined into the same box. The devices are part of the
hardware you need to connect computer equipment to digital transmission lines. The
Channel Service Unit device connects with the digital communication line and
provides a termination for the digital signal. The Data Service Unit device, sometimes
called a digital service unit, is the hardware component you need to transmit digital
data over the hardware channel. The device converts signals from bridges, routers,
and multiplexors into the bipolar digital signals used by the digital lines. Multiplexors
mix voice signals and data on the same line.
DCE
Data Communications Equipment is typically a modem or other type of
communication device. The DCE sits between the DTE (data terminal equipment)
and a transmission circuit such as a phone line.
D-Channel This is an ISDN communication channel used for sending information between the
ISDN equipment and the ISDN central office switch. The D-channel can also carry
"user" packet data at rates up to 9.6 Kilobits.
Decryption The act of restoring an encrypted file to its original state.
Denial of
Service
Act of preventing customers, users, clients or other machines from accessing data on
a computer. This is usually accomplished by interrupting or overwhelming the
computer with bad or excessive information requests.
DHCP
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol automatically assigns IP addresses to clients
when they log on. DHCP centralizes IP address management on central computers
that run the DHCP server program. DHCP leases addresses for a period of time