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3.8. Resetting the System .................................................................................... 170
4. Chapter 4: Advanced Topics.................................................................................... 172
4.1. Layer 2 Switching.......................................................................................... 172
4.1.1. Unicast Switching................................................................................ 172
4.1.2. Multicast Switching.............................................................................. 173
4.1.3. Spanning Tree Algorithm..................................................................... 173
4.2. Layer 3 Switching.......................................................................................... 175
4.2.1. Initial Configuration ............................................................................. 175
4.2.2. IP Switching ........................................................................................ 176
4.2.3. Routing Path Management ................................................................. 177
4.2.4. ICMP Router Discovery....................................................................... 177
4.2.5. Proxy ARP........................................................................................... 178
4.2.6. Routing Protocols................................................................................ 178
4.2.6.1. RIP and RIP-2 Dynamic Routing Protocols............................... 178
4.2.6.2. OSPFv2 Dynamic Routing Protocol.......................................... 179
4.2.7. Non-IP Protocol Routing ..................................................................... 182
4.3. Virtual LANs .................................................................................................. 182
4.3.1. Assigning Ports to VLANs ................................................................... 183
4.3.1.1. VLAN Classification .................................................................. 183
4.3.1.2. Port Overlapping ....................................................................... 184
4.3.1.3. Port-based VLANs .................................................................... 184
4.3.1.4. Automatic VLAN Registration (GVRP) ...................................... 184
4.3.2. Forwarding Tagged / Untagged Frames.............................................. 184
4.3.3. Connecting VLAN Groups................................................................... 185
4.4. Multicast Filtering .......................................................................................... 186
4.4.1. IGMP Snooping................................................................................... 186
4.4.2. IGMP Protocol..................................................................................... 187
4.4.3. GMRP Protocol ................................................................................... 187
4.4.4. DVMRP Routing Protocol.................................................................... 188
4.5. Class-of-Service (CoS) Support .................................................................... 188
4.6. BOOTP / DHCP Relay .................................................................................. 188
4.7. Security Features .......................................................................................... 189
4.7.1. SNMP Community Strings................................................................... 189
4.7.2. User Name and Passwords ................................................................ 190
4.7.3. MAC Address Filters ........................................................................... 190
4.7.4. IP Address Filters................................................................................ 190
4.8. SNMP Management Software....................................................................... 190
4.9. Remote Monitoring (RMON).......................................................................... 190