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Chapter 8 Network Address Translation (NAT)
P-660H-T1v3s User’s Guide
117
outside world. If you do not define any servers (for Many-to-One and Many-to-
Many Overload mapping – see Table 29 on page 119), NAT offers the additional
benefit of firewall protection. With no servers defined, your P-660H-T1v3s filters
out all incoming inquiries, thus preventing intruders from probing your network.
For more information on IP address translation, refer to RFC 1631, The IP Network
Address Translator (NAT).
8.6.3 How NAT Works
Each packet has two addresses – a source address and a destination address. For
outgoing packets, the ILA (Inside Local Address) is the source address on the LAN,
and the IGA (Inside Global Address) is the source address on the WAN. For
incoming packets, the ILA is the destination address on the LAN, and the IGA is
the destination address on the WAN. NAT maps private (local) IP addresses to
globally unique ones required for communication with hosts on other networks. It
replaces the original IP source address (and TCP or UDP source port numbers for
Many-to-One and Many-to-Many Overload NAT mapping) in each packet and then
forwards it to the Internet. The P-660H-T1v3s keeps track of the original
addresses and port numbers so incoming reply packets can have their original
values restored. The following figure illustrates this.
Figure 43 How NAT Works
192.168.1.13
192.168.1.10
192.168.1.11
192.168.1.12
SA
192.168.1.10
SA
IGA1
Inside Local
IP Address
192.168.1.10
192.168.1.11
192.168.1.12
192.168.1.13
Inside Global
IP Address
IGA 1
IGA 2
IGA 3
IGA 4
NAT Table
WAN
LAN
Inside Local
Address (ILA)
Inside Global
Address (IGA)