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Routing IP and IPX
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Different protocols use differing network characteristics or
metrics
when making routing decisions. The metric employed by RIP is a
Hop
Count
. A hop count is defined by the number of routing nodes there
are between the source and destination units. In our example, there are
two hops between LAN1 and LAN 2 going via Routers A and B. If traffic
was directed via Routers A, D, and then B, this would be three hops.
The algorithm will automatically select to forward the data packet via
Router A, as this route contains the least number of hop counts which
makes it the preferred direct route.
Every thirty seconds, each IP router will advertise via RIP datagrams, to
all other routers on the internetwork, how many hops it takes to reach
all connected logical networks, based on the routers network position
and the state of its physical links. In an ISDN environment, making ISDN
calls every thirty seconds to pass on and receive RIP updates would be
costly. When initially setting up the network, the AccessBuilder 500 is
manually connected over the ISDN for a three minute period, in order
to learn the topology of the rest of the network. Once this has been
performed the AccessBuilder 500 will only make ISDN calls to transmit
data packets. While this data transfer is in progress, RIP updates will be
piggybacked
on to the call, updating both parts of the network with the
latest RIP information.
It is also possible to assign what are known as
static routes
, which are
manually entered fixed routes. The network manager may be aware of
specific traffic patterns, or needs to enforce a particular routing policy.
Static routes provide an option to force traffic through the network in a
particular way. The disadvantage with this approach is that routing
protocols dynamically update all the routers on the network, with the
current network topology, enabling backup routes to be deployed. In
a static route situation, if the WAN links in that routing definition are
down, then traffic cannot be passed. Implementing a static route
prohibits the router from being able to offer alternative data paths.