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Glossary 17
drive. To guard against virus programs,
you should do the following:
Periodically run a virus-checking util-
ity on your computer’s hard-disk
drive
Always run a virus-checking utility on
any diskettes (including commer-
cially sold software) before using
them
9/%XV
An abbreviation for VESA
®
local bus. A
standard for local bus implementation de-
veloped by the Video Electronics
Standards Association.
9/6,
Abbreviation for very–large-scale
integration.
9SS
Abbreviation for peak-point voltage.
95$0
Abbreviation for video random-access
memory. Some video adapters use VRAM
chips (or a combination of VRAM and
DRAM) to improve video performance.
VRAM is dual-ported, allowing the video
adapter to update the screen and receive
new image data at the same time.
:
Abbreviation for watt(s).
ZLQLQLILOH
When you start Windows, it consults the
win.ini file to determine a variety of options
for the Windows operating environment.
Among other things, the win.ini file records
what printer(s) and fonts are installed for
Windows. The win.ini file also usually
includes sections that contain optional set-
tings for Windows application programs that
are installed on the hard-disk drive.
Running the Control Panel or Windows
Setup program may change options in the
win.ini file. On other occasions, you may
need to change or add options to the win.ini
file manually with a text editor, such as
Notepad.
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Read-only files are said to be
write-
protected
. You can write-protect a 3.5-inch
diskette by sliding its write-protect tab to the
open position and a 5.25-inch diskette by
placing an adhesive label over its write-
protect notch.
;00
Abbreviation for extended memory man-
ager, a utility that allows application
programs and operating environments to
use extended memory in accordance with
the XMS. See also conventional memory,
EMM, expanded memory, extended
memory, and memory manager.
;06
Abbreviation for eXtended Memory Spec-
ification. See also EMS, extended
memory, and memory manager.
=,)
Acronym for zero insertion force. Some
computers use ZIF sockets and connec-
tors to allow devices such as the
microprocessor chip to be installed or
removed with no stress applied to
the device.