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2-1-2-3. Switch Cascading in Topology
• Takes the Delay Time into Account
Theoretically, the switch partitions the collision domain for each port in switch
cascading that you may up-link the switches unlimitedly. In practice, the network
extension (cascading levels & overall diameter) must follow the constraint of the
IEEE 802.3/802.3u/802.3z and other 802.1 series protocol specifications. In which
the limitations are the timing requirement from physical signals defined by 802.3
series specification of Media Access Control (MAC) and PHY, and timer from some
OSI layer 2 protocols such as 802.1d, 802.1q, LACP and so on.
The fiber, TP cables and devices’ bit-time delay (round trip) are as follows:
1000Base-X TP, Fiber 100Base-TX TP 100Base-FX Fiber
Round trip Delay: 4096 Round trip Delay: 512
Cat. 5 TP Wire: 11.12/m Cat. 5 TP Wire: 1.12/m Fiber Cable: 1.0/m
Fiber Cable : 10.10/m TP to fiber Converter: 56
Bit Time unit : 1ns (1sec./1000 Mega bit)
Bit Time unit: 0.01µs (1sec./100 Mega bit)
Table 2-2
Sum up all elements’ bit-time delay, the overall bit-time delay of wires/devices
must be within Round Trip Delay (bit times) in a half-duplex network segment
(collision domain). For full-duplex operation, this will not be applied. You may use
the TP-Fiber module to extend the TP node distance over fiber optic and provide the
long haul connection.
• Typical Network Topology in Deployment
A hierarchical network with minimum levels of switch may reduce the timing
delay between server and client stations. Basically, this approach will minimize the
number of switches in any one path; thus lower the possibility of network loop and
will improve network efficiency. If more than two switches are connected in the
same network, select one switch as Level 1 switch and connect all other switches to
it at Level 2. Server/Host is recommended to connect to the Level 1 switch. This is
general if no VLAN or other special requirements are applied.