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1. On the initial stage, the supplicant A is unauthenticated and a port
on switch acting as an authenticator is in unauthorized state. So the
access is blocked in this stage.
2. Initiating a session. Either authenticator or supplicant can initiate
the message exchange. If supplicant initiates the process, it sends
EAPOL-start packet to the authenticator PAE and authenticator will
immediately respond EAP-Request/Identity packet.
3. The authenticator always periodically sends EAP-Request/Identity
to the supplicant for requesting the identity it wants to be
authenticated.
4. If the authenticator doesn’t send EAP-Request/Identity, the
supplicant will initiate EAPOL-Start the process by sending to the
authenticator.
5. And next, the Supplicant replies an EAP-Response/Identity to the
authenticator. The authenticator will embed the user ID into Radius-
Access-Request command and send it to the authentication server
for confirming its identity.
6. After receiving the Radius-Access-Request, the authentication
server sends Radius-Access-Challenge to the supplicant and asks
or user password via the authenticator PAE.
7. The supplicant will convert user password into the credential
information, perhaps, in MD5 format and replies an EAP-Response
with this credential information as well as the specified
authentication algorithm (MD5 or OTP) to Authentication server via
the authenticator PAE. As per the value of the type field in message
PDU, the authentication server knows which algorithm should be
applied to authenticate the credential information, EAP-MD5
(Message Digest 5) or EAP-OTP (One Time Password) or other
else algorithm.
8. If the user ID and password is correct, the authentication server will
send a Radius-Access-Accept to the authenticator. If not correct,
the authentication server will send a Radius-Access-Reject.
9. When the authenticator PAE receives a Radius-Access-Accept, it
will send an EAP-Success to the supplicant. At this time, the
supplicant is authorized and the port connected to the supplicant
and under 802.1x control is in the authorized state. The supplicant
and other devices connected to this port can access the network. If
the authenticator receives a Radius-Access-Reject, it will send an
EAP-Failure to the supplicant. This means the supplicant is failed to
authenticate. The port it connects is in the unauthorized state, the
supplicant and the devices connected to this port won’t be allowed
to access the network.