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Glossary · Encoding 59
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Encoding
The data of your fax transmission are encoded and com-
pressed for the transmission. The minimum standard is
MH (Modified Huffmann). Better encoding methods are
MR (Modified Read) or MMR (Modified Modified
Read).
Error Correction Mode (ECM)
The ECM method reduces transmission errors that result,
for example, from bad telephone lines, thereby reducing
the duration of transmissions. Both of the connected fax
machines must support ECM.
Fax Groups
Fax machines are classified in terms of internationally
standardised fax groups based on their transfer type and
speed. Connections between two devices of different
groups is possible; the lowest common transfer rate is
selected. The determination of the speed takes place during
the handshake (see Handshake). Fax groups 1 to 3 are ana-
logue fax machines. Nowadays, groups 1 and 2 are hardly
to be found any longer; fax machines of group 3—which
have a transfer speed that ranges from 9,600 to
33,600¦bps—are currently most standard. Group 4 fax
machines are digital devices that function exclusively on
ISDN systems. They have a maximum transfer speed of
64,000¦bps.
Fax Polling
With active fax polling, one can retrieve a document from
another fax machine. For fax polling from a larger com-
pany offering several polling services, you can also enter
sub-addresses / direct-dial numbers. In order to do this,
you must insert a dialling pause between the fax number
and the sub-address (see Dialling Pause).
Fax Signal, CNG Tone (= Calling Signal)
The tone that a fax machine sends out to announce a fax
transmission. When the CNG tone occurs, the fax switch
of the device recognises an incoming fax call and starts the
fax reception.
Fax Switch
The fax switch checks incoming telephone calls and con-
trols the ringing behaviour of the fax machine. According
to the selected mode, fax transmissions will be received
either automatically or manually.
Flash Key (R-key)
With the flash key, you can make use of additional tele-
phone services if these special functions are enabled for
your telephone line. The R key has replaced the hook-flash
function. (see Call Waiting, Call-toggling).
Handshake
The handshake is the initial and final phase of a fax trans-
mission. After establishing of the connection, fax machines
check the group affiliation and features such as size com-
pression or grey tones. After the fax transmission has been
completed and before the connection is terminated, the
receiving device confirms receipt of the transmission (see
Fax Groups).
Hook-Flash Function
See Flash Key
ISDN
Integrated Services Digital Network
ITU
International Telecommunications Union (UN organisa-
tion)
LCD
Liquid Crystal Display
LED
LED: Light Emitting Diode
Memory
If there is no paper or toner in your device, the device will
store incoming fax transmissions in its memory.
MH
Modified Huffmann (encoding process for faxes, see
Encoding)
MMR
Modified Modified Read (encoding process for faxes, see
Encoding)
MR
Modified Read (encoding process for faxes, see Encoding)
Outside Line Access Code
The outside line access code is the number or letter that
must be dialled before the actual telephone number on a
telephone of a private branch exchange in order to estab-
lish a connection to the public telephone network (see Pri-
vate Branch Exchange).
PABX/PBX
Private Automatic Branch Exchange
Polling
see Fax Polling
POTS
Plain Old Telephone Service
Private Branch Exchange
Private branch exchanges are common in larger compa-
nies. Even private ISDN systems can be branch exchanges.
To establish a connection to the public telephone network
from a private branch exchange, one must dial a number
or press a key before the actual telephone number; in most
cases this is zero (see Outside Line Access Code).
PSTN
Public Switched Telephone Network
Pulse Dialling
A dialling process that is used in older telephone networks.
You hear a clicking for each number dialled (see Tone
Dialling).
RJ-11
Registered Jack 11 (also called Western plug, standardised
telephone plug)
Scanning
The reading of a document into the fax memory or into
the computer in order to send it, copy it or edit it.
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