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Appendix A: Glossary
A-17
Server. A device on a local area network that provides services to client computers on the net-
work. See File Server, Print Server.
Service. A capability offered by a node on a network. A single node can have multiple services
available.
Setup string. A series of characters that is sent before a print job. Usually the purpose of a
setup string is to put the printer in a special state (for example, landscape mode).
Shell Script. The UNIX equivalent of a batch file. See batch file.
SMTP. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. A protocol used to send E-mail messages over the
Internet.
SNA. Systems Network Architecture. SNA is IBM’s proprietary high level networking proto-
col standard used by IBM and IBM compatible mainframes. SNA involves two separate kinds
of environments, centralized computing solutions and peer-based computing, although a number
of key concepts are central to all SNA routing situations.
SNAP. See Ethernet_SNAP.
SNMP. Simple Network Management Protocol. SNMP defined in STD 15, RFC 1157, is the
protocol governing network management and the monitoring of network devices and their func-
tions. It is not necessarily limited to TCP/IP networks.
Solaris. A UNIX operating system developed by Sun Microsystems that runs on Sun computers
and Intel-based PCs.
Spoofing. A method normally associated with AppleTalk in which the print server simulates a
bi-directional communications link by sending back control information to the printer rather than
relying on the printer to send back this information.
Spool Directory. On UNIX systems, a directory that contains the names of files being spooled
to a printer.
Spooling. In printing applications, spooling is the transfer of data to a temporary storage area on
disk (the print queue) prior to printing. Spooling allows many jobs to be queued to a single
printer. Since printers are relatively slow devices compared to disk drives, spooling allows a user
to submit a job to the printer and then perform other tasks while the job is being printed.
SPX. Sequenced Packet Exchange. SPX is a transport layer protocol built on top of IPX. SPX
is used in Novell NetWare systems for communications in client/server applications programs,