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14 GLOSSARY
DSL (digital subscriber line)
Digital technology that provides high-speed data transmission over physical wiring (twisted pair),
used to connect telephones.
E1
Digital data rate of 2048 Kbit/s structured according to ITU-T G.704.
G.703
ITU-T standard regulating electrical and mechanical specifications for connections.
G.704
ITU-T standard regulating synchronous structures for the first and second hierarchical layers.
G.826
ITU-T standard regulating errors and norms for digital lines.
Hub
Local network concentrator (repeater) that serves to connect computers and other
internetworking equipment to it.
IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
Professional organization whose activities include the development of communications and
network standards. In particular, the institute elaborated a group of standards (802) for LANs.
ANSI and ISO are members of IEEE.
IEEE 802.1d
IEEE specification for bridges connecting LANs. It describes an algorithm that prevents bridging
loops by creating a spanning tree.
Internet
Global internetwork, connecting tens of thousands of national backbone networks and local
networks worldwide. Internet uses a set of IP.
IP (Internet Protocol)
Internet network layer protocol. It describes packet routing and device addressing, the standard is
used to transmit data units and IP datagrams over networks. IP does not organize connections
and guarantee delivery, but provides packet transmission.
ISO (International Organization for Standardization)
International organization that is responsible for the development of a wide range of standards,
including those relevant to networking. ISO developed the OSI reference model, defining
standards intercommunication.
ITU (International Telecommunication Union)
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