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Chapter 2. Introducing the 3ware® 9590SE-4ME RAID Controller
6 3ware Serial ATA RAID Controller User Guide for the Power Mac G5
Understanding RAID Concepts and Levels
3ware RAID controllers use a Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks (RAID)
to increase your storage system’s performance and provide fault tolerance
(protection against data loss).
This section organizes information about RAID concepts and configuration
levels into the following topics:
• “RAID Concepts” on page 6
• “Available RAID Configurations” on page 7
• “Determining What RAID Level to Use” on page 10
RAID Concepts
The following concepts are important to understand when working with a
RAID controller:
•
Arrays and Units. In the storage industry, the term “array” is used to
describe two or more disk drives that appear to the operating system as a
single unit. When you work with 3ware software, “unit” is the term used
to refer to an array of disks that is configured and managed through the
3ware software. Single-disk units can also be configured in the 3ware
software.
•
Mirroring. Mirrored arrays write data to paired drives simultaneously. If
one drive fails, the data is preserved on the paired drive. Mirroring
provides data protection through redundancy. In addition, mirroring using
a 3ware RAID controller provides improved performance because
3ware’s TwinStor technology reads from both drives simultaneously.
•
Striping. Striping across disks allows data to be written and accessed on
more than one drive, at the same time. Striping combines each drive’s
capacity into one large volume. Striped disk arrays achieve highest
transfer rates and performance at the expense of fault tolerance.
•
Distributed Parity. Parity works in combination with striping on RAID 5.
Parity information is written to each of the striped drives, in rotation.
Should a failure occur, the data on the failed drive can be reconstructed
from the data on the other drives.
•
Hot Swap. The process of exchanging a drive without having to shut
down the system. This is useful when you need to exchange a defective
drive in a redundant array.
•
Array Roaming. The process of removing a unit from a controller and
putting it back later, either on the same controller, or a different one, and
having it recognized as a unit. The disks may be attached to different ports
than they were originally attached to, without harm to the data.
For definitions of other terms used throughout the documentation, see the
“Glossary”.