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Terminology
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know these addresses; the outside world sees only the public
IP address when talking to a computer on your LAN.
NAT rule
A defined method for translating between public and private
IP addresses on your LAN.
network
A group of computers that are connected together, allowing them
to communicate with each other and share resources, such as
software, files, etc.A network can be small, such as a LAN, or
very large, such as the Internet.
network mask
A network mask is a sequence of bits applied to an IP address
to select the network ID while ignoring the host ID. Bits set to 1
mean "select this bit" while bits set to 0 mean "ignore this bit." For
example, if the network mask 255.255.255.0 is applied to the IP
address 100.10.50.1, the network ID is 100.10.50, and the host
ID is 1. See also binary, IP address, subnet.
NIC (Network Interface Card)
An adapter card that plugs into your computer and provides the
physical interface to your network cabling, which for Ethernet
NICs is typically an RJ-45 connector. See Ethernet, RJ-45.
packet
Data transmitted on a network consists of units called packets.
Each packet contains a payload (the data), plus overhead
information such as where it came from (source address)
and where it should go (destination address).
ping (Packet Internet (or Inter-Network) Groper)
A program used to verify whether the host associated with an
IP address is online. It can also be used to reveal the IP address
for a given domain name.