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Glossary of terms
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the Internet. This implies that IP ranges for local networks cannot collide with
IP addresses used in the Internet.
The following IP ranges are reserved for private networks:
• 10.0.0.0/255.0.0.0
• 172.16.0.0/255.240.0.0
• 192.168.0.0/255.255.0.0
Protocol inspector
WinRoute’s plug-in (partial program), which is able to monitor communication us-
ing application protocols (e.g. HTTP, FTP, MMS, etc.). Protocol inspection is used to
check proper syntax of corresponding protocols (mistakes might indicate an intru-
sion attempt), to ensure its proper functionality while passing through the firewall
(e.g. FTP in the active mode, when data connection to a client is established by
a server) and to filter traffic by the corresponding protocol (e.g. limited access to
Web pages classified by URLs, anti-virus check of downloaded objects, etc.).
Unless traffic rules are set to follow a different policy, each protocol inspector is
automatically applied to all connections of the relevant protocol that are processed
through WinRoute.
Proxy server
Older, but still wide-spread method of Internet connection sharing. Proxy servers
connect clients and destination servers.
A proxy server works as an application and it is adapted for several particular
application protocols (i.e. HTTP, FTP, Gopher, etc.). It requires also support in the
corresponding client application (e.g. web browser). Compared to NAT, the range
of featured offered is not so wide.
Routing table
The information used by routers when making packet forwarding decisions. Pack-
ets are routed according to the packet’s destination IP address. The routing table
can be viewed in Windows operating systems using the route print command.
Script
A code that is run on the Web page by a client (Web browser). Scripts are used
for generating of dynamic elements on Web pages. However, they can be misused
for ads, exploiting of user information, etc. Modern Web browsers usually support
several script languages, such as JavaScript and Visual Basic Script (VBScript).
SMTP
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is used for sending email between mail servers. The
SMTP envelope identifies the sender/recipient of an email.