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6-14 VLANs
Under
standing IEEE 802.1p Priority
Priority tagging is a function defined by the IEEE 802.1p standard designed to provide a means of managing traffic on a network where many different types of
data may be transmitted simultaneously.It is intended to alleviate problems associated with the delivery of time critical data over congested networks.The quality
of applications that are dependent on such time critical data,such as video conferencing,can be severely and adversely affected by even very small delays in
transmission.
Network devices that are in compliance with the IEEE 802.1p standard have the ability to recognize the priority level of data packets.These devices can also
assign a priority label or tag to packets.Compliant devices can also strip priority tags from packets.This priority tag determines the packet's degree of
expeditiousness and determines the queue to which it will be assigned.
Priority tags are given values from 0 to 7 with 0 being assigned to the lowest priority data and 7 assigned to the highest.The highest priority tag 7 is generally
only used for data associated with video or audio applications,which are sensitive to even slight delays,or for data from specified end users whose data
transmissions warrant special consideration.
The Switch allows you to further tailor how priority tagged data packets are handled on your network.Using queues to manage priority tagged data allows you
to specify its relative priority to suit the needs of your network.There may be circumstances where it would be advantageous to group two or more differently
tagged packets into the same queue.
Generally, however, it is recommended that the highest priority queue,Queue 1, be reserved for data packets with a priority value of 7.Packets that have not
been given any priority value are placed in Queue 0 and thus given the lowest priority for delivery.
A weighted round robin system is employed on the Switch to determine the rate at which the queues are emptied of packets.The ratio used for clearing the
queues is 4:1.This means that the highest priority queue, Queue 1,will clear 4 packets for every 1 packet cleared from Queue 0.
Remember,the priority queue settings on the Switch are for all ports,and all devices connected to the Switch will be affected.This priority queuing system will
be especially beneficial if your network employs switches with the capability of assigning priority tags.
VLAN Description
A Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) is a network topology configured according to a logical scheme rather than the physical layout.VLANs can be used to
combine any collection of LAN segments into an autonomous user group that appears as a single LAN.VLANs also logically segment the network into different
broadcast domains so that packets are forwarded only between ports within the VLAN. Typically, a VLAN corresponds to a particular subnet,although not
necessarily.
VLANs can enhance performance by conserving bandwidth,and improve security by limiting traffic to specific domains.
A VLAN is a collection of end nodes grouped by logic instead of physical location.End nodes that frequently communicate with each other are assigned to the
same VLAN,regardless of where they are physically on the network.Logically, a VLAN can be equated to a broadcast domain,because broadcast packets are
forwarded to only members of the VLAN on which the broadcast was initiated.
Notes About VLANs on the AT-9724TS
No matter what basis is used to uniquely identify end nodes and assign these nodes VLAN membership,packets cannot cross VLANs without a network device
performing a routing function between the VLANs.
The AT-9724TS supports IEEE 802.1Q VLANs and Port-Based VLANs. The port untagging function can be used to remove the 802.1Q tag from packet headers to
maintain compatibility with de
vices that ar
e tag-unaware.The Switch's default is to assign all ports to a single 802.1Q VLAN named "default."
The "default" VLAN has a VID = 1.
The member ports of Port-based VLANs may overlap,if desired.
IEEE 802.1Q VLANs
Some relevant terms:
Tagging – The act of putting 802.1Q VLAN information into the header of a packet.
Untagging – The act of stripping 802.1Q VLAN information out of the packet header.
Ing
ress port
–
A port on a switch where packets are flowing into the Switch and VLAN decisions must be made.
Eg
r
ess por
t
–
A por
t on a s
witch where packets are flowing out of the Switch,either to another switch or to an end station,and tagging decisions must be
made.
IEEE 802.1Q (tagged) VLANs are implemented on the Switch.802.1Q VLANs require tagging,which enables them to span the entire network (assuming all
switches on the network are IEEE 802.1Q-compliant).
VLANs allow a network to be segmented in order to reduce the size of broadcast domains. All packets entering a VLAN will only be forwarded to the stations
(o
v
er IEEE 802.1Q enabled s
witches) that ar
e members of that VLAN,and this includes broadcast,multicast and unicast packets from unknown sources.
VLANs can also provide a level of security to your network.IEEE 802.1Q VLANs will only deliver packets between stations that are members of the VLAN.
Any port can be configured as either tagging or untagging.The untagging feature of IEEE 802.1Q VLANs allows VLANs to work with legacy switches that don't
recognize VLAN tags in pack
et headers.
The tagging f
eature allows VLANs to span multiple 802.1Q-compliant switches through a single physical connection and
allows Spanning Tree to be enabled on all ports and work normally.
The IEEE 802.1Q standard restricts the forwarding of untagged packets to the VLAN the receiving port is a member of.
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Allied Telesyn AT-9724TS High-Density Layer 3 Stackable Gigabit Ethernet Switch