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292 Glossary
IP subnet A portion of an IP network, which may be a physically independent network
segment, that shares a network address with other portions of the network and is
identified by a subnet number.
ISP Internet service provider. A business that sells Internet access and often provides
web hosting for ecommerce applications as well as mail services.
Kerberos A secure network authentication system. Kerberos uses tickets, which are
issued for a specific user, service, and period of time. Once a user is authenticated, it’s
possible to access additional services without retyping a password (this is called single
sign-on) for services that have been configured to take Kerberos tickets. Mac OS X
Server uses Kerberos v5.
Kerberos realm The authentication domain comprising the users and services that are
registered with the same Kerberos server. The registered services and users trust the
Kerberos server to verify each other’s identities.
LDAP Lightweight Directory Access Protocol. A standard client-server protocol for
accessing a directory domain.
lease period A limited period of time during which IP addresses are assigned. By using
short leases, DHCP can reassign IP addresses on networks that have more computers
than available IP addresses.
load balancing The process of distributing client computers’ requests for network
services across multiple servers to optimize performance.
local domain A directory domain that can be accessed only by the computer on which
it resides.
local home folder A home folder that resides on disk on the computer a user is logged
in to. It’s accessible only by logging directly into the computer where it resides unless
you log in to the computer using SSH.
local hostname A name that designates a computer on a local subnet. It can be used
without a global DNS system to resolve names to IP addresses. It consists of lowercase
letters, numbers, or hyphens (except as the last characters), and ends with “.local” (for
example, bills-computer.local). Although the name is derived by default from the
computer name, a user can specify this name in the Network pane of System
Preferences. It can be changed easily, and can be used anywhere a DNS name or fully
qualified domain name is used. It can only resolve on the same subnet as the computer
using it.
long name The long form of a user or group name. See also user name.
LPR Line Printer Remote. A standard protocol for printing over TCP/IP.