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xStack DES-3800 Series Layer 3 Stackable Fast Ethernet Managed Switch
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IP Multicast Routing Protocol
The functions supporting IP multicasting are added under the IP Multicast Routing Protocol folder, from the L3 Features
folder. IGMP, DVMRP, and PIM-DM can be enabled or disabled on the Switch without changing the individual protocol’s
configuration by using the DES-3800 Web Management Tool.
IGMP
Computers and network devices that want to receive multicast transmissions need to inform nearby routers that they will become
members of a multicast group. The Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) is used to communicate this information.
IGMP is also used to periodically check the multicast group for members that are no longer active.
In the case where there is more than one multicast router on a sub-network, one router is elected as the ‘querier’. This router then
keeps track of the membership of the multicast groups that have active members. The information received from IGMP is then
used to determine if multicast packets should be forwarded to a given sub-network or not. The router can check, using IGMP, to
see if there is at least one member of a multicast group on a given sub-network. If there are no members on a sub-network, packets
will not be forwarded to that sub-network.
IGMP Versions 1 and 2
Multicast groups allow members to join or leave at any time. IGMP provides the method for members and multicast routers to
communicate when joining or leaving a multicast group.
IGMP version 1 is defined in RFC 1112. It has a fixed packet size and no optional data.
The format of an IGMP packet is shown below:
Figure 8- 62. IGMP Message Format
The IGMP Type codes are shown below:
Type Meaning
0x11 Membership Query (if Group Address is 0.0.0.0)
0x11 Specific Group Membership Query (if Group Address is Present)
0x16 Membership Report (version 2)
0x17 Leave a Group (version 2)
0x12 Membership Report (version 1)
Table 8- 4. IGMP Type Codes
IGMP packets enable multicast routers to keep track of the membership of multicast groups, on their respective sub-networks. The
following outlines what is communicated between a multicast router and a multicast group member using IGMP.
A host sends an IGMP “report” to join a group
A host will never send a report when it wants to leave a group (for version 1).
A host will send a “leave” report when it wants to leave a group (for version 2).
Multicast routers send IGMP queries (to the all-hosts group address: 224.0.0.1) periodically to see whether any group members
exist on their sub-networks. If there is no response from a particular group, the router assumes that there are no group members
on the network.
The Time-to-Live (TTL) field of query messages is set to 1 so that the queries will not be forwarded to other sub-networks.