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Two-Cell Applications
7/99 9782 Series Conductivity/Resistivity Analyzer/Controller - Operator’s Manual Appendix B - 1
Appendix B
Two-Cell Applications
Ion Exchange
Ion exchange operations can achieve especially precise control using the conductivity ratio of
two points with each bed. Ratio measurement accounts for feedwater variations when the
upstream point is measured at the cation bed inlet. With the upstream point in the bed as shown
for following stages, it can identify exhaustion before breakthrough.
Cell 2
Cell 2
Cell 1
Cell 2
Cell 1
Inlet
Cell 1
Mixed Bed
D I Water
Cation Bed Anion Bed
a/n 23188
Reverse Osmosis
Reverse Osmosis efficiency is monitored by comparing inlet and outlet conductivity (or TDS).
Automatic calculations of Percent Rejection or Percent Passage are provided. If readout is in
resistivity, cell locations are interchanged. Temperature readout assists with normalized
performance comparisons.
RO Unit
Concentrate
Cell 1
Cell 2
Feed
Permeate
a/n 23189
Percent Passage =
Cell
Cell
x
1
2
100
Typical Range is 0 to 20%
Percent Rejection =
()x1
1
2
100−
Cell
Cell
Typical Range is 80 to 100%