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Glossary 259
Screen rulings
The number of rows of printing dots per inch on a halftone film. A
150lpi-screen ruling provides much better quality than 65lpi.
SEF
A printer page orientation, where pages are delivered short end first.
Shadows
The darkest part of an image (original and reproduction) having
densities near to maximum density. In the reproduction, shadows are
printed with dot areas between 80% and 100% See also Highlights
and Midtones.
Shingling
A procedure that moves the image area of a page toward the direction
specified, usually towards the binding, in order to compensate for
creep.
Signature
Sheet of printed pages which when folded becomes part of the
publication.
Solid
The point in the picture printed with a dot area of 100%. See also
Highlights, Midtones and Shadows.
Spectrophotometer
Spectrophotometer (X-Rite DTP41), which is a 24 band color
measurement instrument that reports densitometric, colorimetric
and spectral data.
Spot color
An additional separation (fifth, or more) that is used with special inks
to achieve difficult color combinations, such as gold, or chocolate
brown. Spot color is sometimes used by graphic artists to define
special corporate colors, for example, for company logos. On the
Spire CXP Color Server, spot colors are tanslated into CMYK values
using a dictionary, that can be edited to adjust CMYK values.
Step and repeat
The procedure of copying the same image by stepping it in position
both horizontally and vertically according to a predetermined layout.
Stochastic screening
A method of creating frequency-modulated halftones that depends
on the number of laser dots in a given area rather than the size of the
laser dots in a given area. The dots are randomly placed and very
small. Areas with a higher dot percent have more spots exposed in
that area and those with a low dot percent have fewer spots. Stochastic
screening is used to eliminate moiré and improve picture detail and
sharpness in high-end color printing.