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CHAPTER
10-1
Cisco ASA Series Firewall ASDM Configuration Guide
10
Getting Started with Application Layer Protocol
Inspection
This chapter describes how to configure application layer protocol inspection. Inspection engines are
required for services that embed IP addressing information in the user data packet or that open secondary
channels on dynamically assigned ports. These protocols require the ASA to do a deep packet inspection
instead of passing the packet through the fast path (see the “Stateful Inspection Overview” section on
page 1-22 in the general operations configuration guide for more information about the fast path). As a
result, inspection engines can affect overall throughput. Several common inspection engines are enabled
on the ASA by default, but you might need to enable others depending on your network.
This chapter includes the following sections:
• Information about Application Layer Protocol Inspection, page 10-1
• Guidelines and Limitations, page 10-3
• Default Settings and NAT Limitations, page 10-4
• Configuring Application Layer Protocol Inspection, page 10-7
Information about Application Layer Protocol Inspection
This section includes the following topics:
• How Inspection Engines Work, page 10-1
• When to Use Application Protocol Inspection, page 10-2
How Inspection Engines Work
As illustrated in Figure 10-1, the ASA uses three databases for its basic operation:
• ACLs—Used for authentication and authorization of connections based on specific networks, hosts,
and services (TCP/UDP port numbers).
• Inspections—Contains a static, predefined set of application-level inspection functions.
• Connections (XLATE and CONN tables)—Maintains state and other information about each
established connection. This information is used by the Adaptive Security Algorithm and
cut-through proxy to efficiently forward traffic within established sessions.