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D-Link DHS-3224V Switch User’s Guide
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Packet Forwarding in 802.1Q VLANs
The diagram below illustrates packet forwarding decisions with 802.1Q VLANs.
Figure 5-7. Packet Forwarding with VLANs
802.1Q VLAN Tags
The figure below shows the 802.1Q VLAN tag. There are four additional octets inserted after the source MAC
address. Their presence is indicated by a value of 0x8100 in the EtherType field. When a packet's EtherType
field is equal to 0x8100, the packet carries the IEEE 802.1Q/802.1p tag. The tag is contained in the following
two octets and consists of 3 bits of user priority, 1 bit of Canonical Format Identifier (CFI - used for
encapsulating Token Ring packets so they can be carried across Ethernet backbones) and 12 bits of VLAN ID
(VID). The 3 bits of user priority are used by 802.1p. The VID is the VLAN identifier and is used by the
802.1Q standard. Because the VID is 12 bits long, 4094 unique VLANs can be identified.
The tag is inserted into the packet header making the entire packet longer by 4 octets. All of the information
contained in the packet originally is retained.
The figure below illustrates the elements of the IEEE 802.1Q tag.