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H Glossary
NetBIOS Network Basic Input/Output System. NetBIOS is an extension of the DOS BIOS that
enables a computer to connect to and communicate with a LAN.
Network Any time you connect 2 or more computers together so that they can share resources,
you have a computer network. Connect 2 or more networks together and you have an
internet.
Node Any single computer connected to a network.
Packet Filter A filter that scans packets and decides whether to let them through or not.
PAP Password Authentication Protocol (PAP) is a security protocol that requires users to
enter a password before accessing a secure system. The user’s name and password
are sent over the wire to a server where they are compared with a database of user
account names and passwords. This technique is vulnerable to wiretapping
(eavesdropping) because the password can be captured and used by someone to log
onto the system.
Ping Attack An attack that slows down the network until it is unusable. The attacker sends a "ping"
command to the network repeatedly to slow it down. See also Denial of Service.
Point of
Demarcation
The physical point where the phone company ends its responsibility with the wiring of
the phone line.
POP A Point of Presence is the point where long-distance telephone service providers
connect into regional and local telephone systems.
POP Post Office Protocol. This is a common protocol used for sending, receiving and
delivering mail messages.
Port An Internet port refers to a number that is part of a URL, appearing after a colon (:)
right after the domain name. Every service on an Internet server listens on a particular
port number on that server. Most services have standard port numbers, e.g., Web
servers normally listen on port 80.
Port (H/W) An interface on a computer for connecting peripherals or devices to the computer. A
printer port, for example, is an interface that is designed to have a printer connected to
it. Ports can be defined by specific hardware (such as a keyboard port) or through
software.
POTS Plain Old Telephone Service is the analog telephone service that runs over copper
twisted-pair wires and is based on the original Bell telephone system. Twisted-pair
wires connect homes and businesses to a neighborhood central office. This is called
the local loop. The central office is connected to other central offices and long-distance
facilities.
PPP Point to Point Protocol. PPP encapsulates and transmits IP (Internet Protocol)
datagrams over serial point-to-point links. PPP works with other protocols such as IPX
(Internetwork Packet Exchange). The protocol is defined in IETF (Internet Engineering