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7-2
Operating Concepts
Using This Chapter
Using This Chapter
This chapter provides conceptual information on how specific functions of the network
analyzer operate. The following topics are discussed:
• “System Operation” on page 7-3
• “Processing” on page 7-5
• “Output Power” on page 7-9
• “Sweep Time” on page 7-11
• “Source Attenuator Switch Protection” on page 7-13
• “Channel Stimulus Coupling” on page 7-14
• “Sweep Types” on page 7-15
• “S-Parameters” on page 7-20
• “Analyzer Display Formats” on page 7-24
• “Electrical Delay” on page 7-33
• “Noise Reduction Techniques” on page 7-34
• “Measurement Calibration” on page 7-37
• “Calibration Routines” on page 7-54
• “Modifying Calibration Kits” on page 7-57
• TRL/LRM Calibration
• “GPIB Operation” on page 7-78
• “Limit Line Operation” on page 7-82
• “Knowing the Instrument Modes” on page 7-84
Where to Find More Information
• Operation concepts relating to mixer measurements and time domain measurements
can be found in Chapter 2 , "Making Mixer Measurements (Option 089 Only)" and
Chapter 3 , “Making Time Domain Measurements.”
• Descriptions of all instrument functions are located in the “Hardkey/Softkey Reference”
chapter of the reference guide.
• Procedures for using instrument functions, making measurements, recording
measurement results, and performing calibrations are located in Chapter 1 , "Making
Measurements" and Chapter 6 , “Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy.”