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AT-TQ2403 Management Software User's Guide 283
An IP address i
s partitioned into two portions: the network prefix and a host number on that network. A
Subnet Mask is used to define the portions. There are two special host numbers:
The Network Address consists of a host number that is all zeroes (for example, 192.168.2.0).
The Broadcast Address consists of a host number that is all ones (for example, 192.168.2.255).
There are a finite number of IP addresses that can exist. Therefore, a local area network typically uses one
of the IANA-
designated address ranges for use in private networks. These address ranges are:
10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255
172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255
192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255
A Dynamic IP Address is an IP address that is automatically assigned to a host by a DHCP server or similar
mechanism. It is called dynamic because you may be assigned a different IP address each time you establish
a connection.
A Static IP Address is an IP address that is hard-wired for a specific host. A static address is usually required
for any host that is running a server, for example, a Web server.
IPSec
IP Security (IPSec) is a set of protocols to support the secure exchange of packets at the IP layer. It uses
shared public keys. There are two encryption modes: Transport and Tunnel.
Transport mode encrypts only the data portion (payload) of each packet, but leaves the headers
untouched.
The more secure Tunnel mode encrypts both the header and the payload.
ISP
An Internet Service Provider (ISP) is a company that provides access to the Internet to individuals and
companies. It may provide related services such as virtual hosting, network consulting, Web design, etc.
J
Jitter
Jitter is the difference between the latency (or delay) in packet transmission from one node to another
across a network. If packets are not transmitted at a consistent rate (including Latency), QoS for some types
of data can be affected. For example, inconsistent transmission rates can cause distortion in VoIP and
streaming media. QoS is designed to reduce jitter along with other factors that can impact network
performance.
L
Latency
Latency, also known as delay, is the amount of time it takes to transmit a Packet from sender to receiver.
Latency can occur when data is transmitted from the access point to a client and vice versa. It can also occur
when data is transmitted from access point to the Internet and vice versa. Latency is caused by fixed
network factors such as the time it takes to encode and decode a packet, and also by variable network
factors such as a busy or overloaded network. QoS features are designed to minimize latency for high
priority network traffic.