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AT-TQ2403 Management Software User's Guide 285
MTU
The Maxi
mum Transmission Unit is the largest physical packet size, measured in bytes, that a network can
transmit. Any messages larger than the MTU are fragmented into smaller packets before being sent.
Multicast
A Multicast sends the same message to a select group of recipients. Sending an e-mail message to a mailing
list is an example of multicasting. In wireless networks, multicast usually refers to an interaction in which the
access point sends data traffic in the form of IEEE 802.1x Frames to a specified set of client stations (MAC
addresses) on the network.
Some wireless security modes distinguish between how unicast, multicast, and broadcast frames are
encrypted or whether they are encrypted.
See also Unicast and Broadcast.
N
NAT
Network Address Translation is an Internet standard that masks the internal IP addresses being used in a
LAN. A NAT server running on a gateway maintains a translation table that maps all internal IP addresses in
outbound requests to its own address and converts all inbound requests to the correct internal host.
NAT serves three main purposes: it provides security by obscurity by hiding internal IP addresses, enables
the use of a wide range of internal IP addresses without fear of conflict with the addresses used by other
organizations, and it allows the use of a single Internet connection.
Network Address
See IP Address.
NIC
A Network Interface Card is an adapter or expansion board inserted into a computer to provide a physical
connection to a network. Most NICs are designed for a particular type of network, protocol, and media, for
example, Ethernet or wireless.
NTP
The Network Time Protocol assures accurate synchronization of the system clocks in a network of
computers. NTP servers transmit Coordinated Universal Time (UTC, also known as Greenwich Mean
Time) to their client systems. An NTP client sends periodic time requests to servers, using the returned
time stamp to adjust its clock.
O
OSI
The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model is a framework for network design. The OSI
model consists of seven layers:
Layer 1, the Physical layer, identifies the physical medium used for communication between nodes. In the
case of wireless networks, the physical medium is air, and radio frequency (RF) waves are components
of the physical layer.
Layer 2, the Data-Link layer, defines how data for transmission will be structured and formatted, along