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Estimating Variances and Covariances
example, Runyon and Haber, 1980, p. 226) is 2.509 with 38 degrees of freedom
. In this example, both p values are less than 0.05, so both tests agree in
rejecting the null hypothesis at the 0.05 level. However, in other situations, the two
p values might lie on opposite sides of 0.05. You might or might not regard this as
especially serious—at any rate, the two tests can give different results. There should be
no doubt about which test is better. The t test is exact under the assumptions of
normality and independence of observations, no matter what the sample size. In Amos,
the test based on critical ratio depends on the same assumptions; however, with a finite
sample, the test is only approximate.
Note: For many interesting applications of Amos, there is no exact test or exact standard
error or exact confidence interval available.
On the bright side, when fitting a model for which conventional estimates exist,
maximum likelihood point estimates (for example, the numbers in the Estimate
column) are generally identical to the conventional estimates.
E Now click Notes for Model in the upper left pane of the Amos Output window.
The following table plays an important role in every Amos analysis:
Number of distinct sample moments: 10
Number of distinct parameters to be estimated: 10
Degrees of freedom (10 – 10): 0
p 0.016=()