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Intel® PXA255 Processor Developer’s Manual 13-17
AC’97 Controller Unit
13.6.2 Trailing bytes
Trailing bytes in the transmit and receive FIFOs are handled as follows:
If the transmit buffers do not have 32-byte resolution, the trailing bytes in the Transmit FIFO are
not transmitted.
A transmit buffer must be padded with zeroes if it is smaller than a multiple of 32
bytes. Regardless of burst size, the DMA descriptor length must be a multiple of 32 bytes to
prevent audio artifacts from being introduced onto the AC-link.
If the CODEC transmitted data has a total buffer size smaller than a multiple of 32 bytes, zeroes are
recorded. A receive DMA request is made when the receive FIFO is half-full.
13.6.3 Operational Flow for Accessing CODEC Registers
Software accesses the CODEC registers by translating a 32-bit processor physical address to a 7-bit
CODEC address. For details regarding the address translation, refer to Section 13.8.3.17.
Software must read the CODEC Access Register (CAR) to lock the AC-link. The AC-link is free if
the CAIP bit of the CAR is zero. For details about the CAR, refer to Table 13-13.
A read access to the CAR sets the CAIP bit. The ACUNIT clears the CAIP bit when the CODEC-
write or CODEC-read operation completes. Software can also clear the CAIP bit by writing a zero
to it.
After it locks the AC-link, software can write or read a CODEC register using the appropriate
processor physical address.
The ACUNIT sets the CDONE bit of the GSR to one after the completion of a CODEC write
operation. For details, refer to Table 13-8. Software clears this bit by writing a 1 to it.
To read a CODEC, the software must complete the following steps:
1. Software issues a dummy read to the CODEC register. The ACUNIT responds to this read
operation with invalid data. The ACUNIT then initiates the read access across the AC-link.
2. When the CODEC read operation completes, the ACUNIT sets the SDONE bit of the GSR to
one. For details, refer to Table 13-8. Software clears this bit by writing a 1 it.
3. Software repeats the read operation as detailed in Step 1. The ACUNIT now returns the data
sent by the CODEC. The second read operation also initiates a read access across the AC-link.
4. The ACUNIT times-out the read operation if the CODEC fails to respond in four SYNC
frames. In this case, the second read operation returns a timed-out data value of 0x0000_FFFF.
13.7 Clocks and Sampling Frequencies
By default, the ACUNIT transmits and receives data at a sampling frequency of 48 kHz. It can,
however, sample data at frequencies less than 48 kHz if the CODEC supports on-demand slot
requests. The CODEC in this case executes a certain algorithm and informs the ACUNIT not to
transmit valid data in certain frames. For example, if the ACUNIT sends out 480 frames, and the
CODEC instructs the ACUNIT not to send valid data in 39 of those 480 frames, the CODEC would
have in effect sampled data at 44.1 kHz. When the CODEC transmits data (ACUNIT-receive
mode), it can use the same algorithm to transmit valid frames with some empty ones mixed in
between.