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User’s Manual
PPC440x5 CPU Core Preliminary
Page 30 of 589
overview.fm.
September 12, 2002
1.3 PPC440x5 Organization
The PPC440x5 core includes a seven-stage pipelined PowerPC core, which consists of a three stage, dual-
issue instruction fetch and decode unit with attached branch unit, together with three independent, 4-stage
pipelines for complex integer, simple integer, and load/store operations, respectively. The PPC440x5 core
also includes a memory management unit (MMU); separate instruction and data cache units; JTAG, debug,
and trace logic; and timer facilities.
Figure 1-1 illustrates the logical organization of the PPC440x5 core:
1.3.1 Superscalar Instruction Unit
The instruction unit of the PPC440x5 core fetches, decodes, and issues two instructions per cycle to any
combination of the three execution pipelines and/or the APU interface (see “Execution Pipelines” below, and
Auxiliary Processor Unit (APU) Port on page 36). The instruction unit includes a branch unit which provides
dynamic branch prediction using a branch history table (BHT), as well as a branch target address cache
(BTAC). These mechanisms greatly improve the branch prediction accuracy and reduce the latency of taken
branches, such that the target of a branch can usually be executed immediately after the branch itself, with no
penalty.
MAC
BHT
4KB
Instruction Cache
Branch
Instruction
Unit
D-Cache Controller
Load/Store Queues
I-Cache Controller
(Size Configurable)
Data Cache
MMU
64-entry
Pwr Mgmt
Clocks
Unit
Target
Addr
Cache
1
0
and
ITLB
DTLB
GPR
File
(Size Configurable)
128-bit
PLB
128-bit
PLB
Simple
Integer
Pipe
Complex
Integer
Pipe
Issue Issue
Load
Store
Pipe
Figure 1-1. PPC440 Core Block Diagram
GPR
File
DCR Bus
Trace
Debug
JTAG
Timers
Interrupt
and